Rear-end collisions are among the most common types of car accidents in Missouri and often result in serious injuries and significant property damage. Understanding the legal implications of rear-end collisions and the concept of following too closely is crucial for anyone involved in such an incident. At The Law Office of Chad G. Mann, LLC, we’re dedicated to helping you navigate the complexities of Missouri car accident laws to protect your rights and secure the compensation you deserve.

The Rear-End Collision Doctrine in Missouri

In Missouri, the rear-end collision doctrine establishes a prima facie case of negligence against the driver who collides with the rear of another vehicle. This means that if a driver’s vehicle hits the back of your car, they are presumed to be negligent.

Key Legal Reference:

  • MAI 17.16 [1973 Revision]:

    Your verdict must be for plaintiff if you believe:
    First, defendant’s automobile came into collision with the rear of plaintiff’s automobile and
    Second, defendant was thereby negligent, and
    Third, as a direct result of such negligence, plaintiff sustained damage.”

Notable Case:

  • Cosens v. Smith, 528 S.W.2d 772 (Mo. App. W.D. 1975): This case provides an exhaustive discussion of the rear-end collision doctrine, highlighting its application and limitations.

Limitations of the Doctrine:

  • The doctrine does not apply if the rear vehicle was pushed into the front vehicle by a third party.
  • The defendant can present evidence of a valid defense or excuse to avoid liability.

Example of Defense:

  • Mechanical Failure: If the rear driver can prove that an unexpected mechanical failure caused the collision, they may avoid liability.
  • Sudden Emergency: If the front driver made an abrupt, unsignaled stop without justification, the rear driver might argue that they were not negligent.

Legal Expectations on Following Distances

Following too closely, commonly known as tailgating, is considered an act of negligence in Missouri. Drivers are expected to maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front of them to allow sufficient time to react to sudden stops or changes in traffic flow.

Key Legal Reference:

  • MAI 17.09 [1965 New]: This instruction permits the submission of “following too closely” as an act of negligence in court.

Relevant Case:

  • Duvall v. Smith, 950 S.W.2d 526 (Mo. App. E.D. 1997): The court held that a following motorist has a duty to keep a proper lookout and cannot rely on the expectation that the leading vehicle will continue moving at the same speed.

Factors Influencing Safe Following Distance:

  1. Speed of Both Vehicles: Higher speeds require greater following distances.
  2. Road Conditions: Wet or icy roads necessitate more space between vehicles.
  3. Traffic Flow: Heavy traffic may require adjustments in following distance.

Defenses and Exceptions in Rear-End Collision Cases

While the rear-end collision doctrine places initial fault on the rear driver, there are defenses and exceptions that can shift or share liability.

Common Defenses:

  1. Sudden Stop by Lead Vehicle:
    • If the leading vehicle suddenly stops without warning or reasonable justification, the following driver may argue that the lead driver’s negligence contributed to the accident.
    • Case Reference: Ogle v. Webb, 623 S.W.2d 582 (Mo. App. S.D. 1981): Slowing a vehicle suddenly without proper warning can constitute negligence.
  2. Mechanical Failure:
    • Unforeseen mechanical issues that were not due to the driver’s negligence.
  3. Third-Party Actions:
    • If a third vehicle caused the rear driver to collide with the front vehicle, the rear driver might not be held liable.

Important Considerations:

  • Duty to Maintain Lookout: Even if the lead vehicle stops unexpectedly, the following driver is expected to maintain a proper lookout and adjust accordingly.
  • Impediment to Traffic Flow: If the lead vehicle’s actions impede normal traffic flow without justification, they may share liability.

Why Understanding These Laws Matters

  • Protect Your Rights: Knowing the legal expectations helps you build a strong case if you’re involved in a rear-end collision.
  • Determine Liability: Understanding defenses can prepare you for possible arguments from the other party.
  • Maximize Compensation: Proper legal guidance ensures you receive fair compensation for damages and injuries.

How The Law Office of Chad G. Mann, LLC Can Assist You

Navigating the aftermath of a rear-end collision can be overwhelming. Our experienced legal team is here to:

  • Investigate Thoroughly: Collect evidence, including traffic camera footage, witness statements, and accident reports.
  • Establish Liability: Utilize legal doctrines and case law to determine fault accurately.
  • Advocate for You: Negotiate with insurance companies and represent you in court to secure the compensation you deserve.

Contact Us Today

If you’ve been involved in a rear-end collision in Springfield or anywhere in Missouri, don’t navigate the legal complexities alone. Contact The Law Office of Chad G. Mann, LLC for a free consultation. We’re committed to protecting your rights and helping you move forward.

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